A Study of Rāmānuja’s Theology : Three Aspects of viśiṣṭatva of Brahman

Rāmānuja (1017-1137) is known as a philosopher who tried to harmonize the Vedānta philosophy with Vaiṣṇava theology. In later times his theory came to be called viśiṣṭādvaitavāda ‘qualified monisim’, since, in his view, Brahman is supposed to be qualified by three real factors: specifiers or differentiators (viśeṣa), auspicious qualities (kalyāṇaguṇa), and a twofold body (śarīra, spiritual and physical). The present paper aims at considering Rāmānuja's concept that Brahman has the qualifiers (viśiṣṭatva ‘the status of being qualified’）．　　 (1) Rāmānuja accepts three kinds of valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa): perception (pratyakṣa), inference (anumāna), and scriptures (śruti). According to him, they have as their objects entities which have their differentiators. If Brahman were devoid of the differentiators, it could not be known at all. Accordingly, it follows that Brahman is qualified by its differentiators.　　 (2) The Vedic scriptures (Upaniṣads) do not teach us Brahman without differentiators. Certainly, Brahman is defined as nirguṇa ‘quality-less' there. But what is meant by the word nirguṇa is that Brahman is devoid of qualities to be abandoned (heyaguṇa). Many Vedic scriptures, on the contrary, say that Brahman has the property of being omniscient. Therefore it cannot be denied that Brahman is qualified by its own differentiators and that it has auspicious qualities.　　 (3) The qualifiers of Brahman are real. Spiritual and physical entities exist in reality as the body of Brahman. The body is different from Brahman. The two, however, are inseparably connected. In a sense they are identical (eka) with each other and in another sense they are distinct (bheda) from each other. Thus Brahman is said to be qualified by the body.　　 It is important to note that Rāmānuja's Vaiṣṇava theology demands for him to develop the theory that Brahman and its qualifiers are equally real, that is, the theory of viśiṣṭādvaitavāda.広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書（2014年度

Excellent strength–ductility balance of Sc-Zr-modified Al–Mg alloy by tuning bimodal microstructure via hatch spacing in laser powder bed fusion

The bimodal microstructure, which comprises ultrafine grains (UFGs) forming along the melt pool boundary and relatively coarse grains inside the melt pool, is a characteristic of the Sc-Zr-modified Al–Mg-based alloy (Scalmalloy) microstructure manufactured using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Focusing on this microstructural feature, we investigated the improvement in the mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Scalmalloy by tailoring the volume fraction of UFGs. Our approach was to decrease the laser hatch spacing (d) from 0.1 to 0.04 mm, while the volume fraction of UFGs increased from 34.6 ± 0.6 % (d = 0.1 mm) to 59.5 ± 0.5 % (d = 0.06 mm). The tensile yield stress increased from 296 ± 9 (d = 0.1 mm) to 380 ± 6 MPa (d = 0.06 mm), while maintaining a large elongation (14.8 % ± 1.2 %). The yield stress and elongation were superior to those of the cast counterparts by 2.9 and 4.0 times, respectively. In the sample with d = 0.04 mm, pores formed owing to excessive thermal energy input. Additionally, we investigated multiple strengthening mechanisms of the as-fabricated alloy. This is the first study to improve the mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Scalmalloy by optimizing the track-to-track interval and tuning the UFG fraction.Ekubaru Y., Gokcekaya O., Ishimoto T., et al. Excellent strength–ductility balance of Sc-Zr-modified Al–Mg alloy by tuning bimodal microstructure via hatch spacing in laser powder bed fusion. Materials and Design, 221, 110976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110976

World Robot Challenge 2020 -- Partner Robot: A Data-Driven Approach for Room Tidying with Mobile Manipulator

Tidying up a household environment using a mobile manipulator poses various challenges in robotics, such as adaptation to large real-world environmental variations, and safe and robust deployment in the presence of humans.The Partner Robot Challenge in World Robot Challenge (WRC) 2020, a global competition held in September 2021, benchmarked tidying tasks in the real home environments, and importantly, tested for full system performances.For this challenge, we developed an entire household service robot system, which leverages a data-driven approach to adapt to numerous edge cases that occur during the execution, instead of classical manual pre-programmed solutions. In this paper, we describe the core ingredients of the proposed robot system, including visual recognition, object manipulation, and motion planning. Our robot system won the second prize, verifying the effectiveness and potential of data-driven robot systems for mobile manipulation in home environments

TRAIL Team Description Paper for RoboCup@Home 2023

Our team, TRAIL, consists of AI/ML laboratory members from The University of Tokyo. We leverage our extensive research experience in state-of-the-art machine learning to build general-purpose in-home service robots. We previously participated in two competitions using Human Support Robot (HSR): RoboCup@Home Japan Open 2020 (DSPL) and World Robot Summit 2020, equivalent to RoboCup World Tournament. Throughout the competitions, we showed that a data-driven approach is effective for performing in-home tasks. Aiming for further development of building a versatile and fast-adaptable system, in RoboCup @Home 2023, we unify three technologies that have recently been evaluated as components in the fields of deep learning and robot learning into a real household robot system. In addition, to stimulate research all over the RoboCup@Home community, we build a platform that manages data collected from each site belonging to the community around the world, taking advantage of the characteristics of the community

The Usefulness of Assessing and Identifying Workers' Temperaments and Their Effects on Occupational Stress in the Workplace.

The relationship between temperaments and mental disorders has been reported in previous studies, but there has been little attention to temperaments in the occupational safety and health research. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of temperaments on occupational stress among local government employees. The subjects were 145 Japanese daytime workers in local government. Temperaments were assessed by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Occupational stress was assessed using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used. Hyperthymic temperament predicted a higher level of job control, and a lower level of role ambiguity and job future ambiguity. Irritable temperament predicted a lower level of social support from supervisors and a higher level of role conflict, variance in workload and intragroup conflict. Anxious temperament predicted a lower level of social support from coworkers and a higher level of job future ambiguity. The sample size was small. Only Japanese local government employees were surveyed. Hyperthymic temperament played a protective role, and irritable, anxious temperament played a vulnerable role against one's own occupational stress and recognizing the roles they play in work life would lead to self-insight. Additionally, recognition of the temperaments and temperament-related stressors by one's supervisors or coworkers would facilitate provision of social support

Relationships between temperaments, occupational stress, and insomnia among Japanese workers.

Insomnia among workers reduces the quality of life, contributes toward the economic burden of healthcare costs and losses in work performance. The relationship between occupational stress and insomnia has been reported in previous studies, but there has been little attention to temperament in occupational safety and health research. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between temperament, occupational stress, and insomnia. The subjects were 133 Japanese daytime local government employees. Temperament was assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Occupational stress was assessed using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that the higher subdivided stress group by "role conflict" (OR = 5.29, 95% CI, 1.61-17.32) and anxious temperament score (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.49) was associated with the presence of insomnia using an adjusted model, whereas other factors were excluded from the model. The study limitations were the sample size and the fact that only Japanese local government employees were surveyed. This study demonstrated the relationships between workers' anxious temperament, role conflict, and insomnia. Recognizing one's own anxious temperament would lead to self-insight, and the recognition of anxious temperament and reduction of role conflict by their supervisors or coworkers would reduce the prevalence of insomnia among workers in the workplace